terazosin HCl 1 MG Oral Capsule
WARNINGS
Syncope and “First-dose” Effect Terazosin Capsules, like other alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, can cause marked lowering of blood pressure, especially postural hypotension, and syncope in association with the first dose or first few days of therapy.
A similar effect can be anticipated if therapy is interrupted for several days and then restarted.
Syncope has also been reported with other alpha-adrenergic blocking agents in association with rapid dosage increases or the introduction of another antihypertensive drug.
Syncope is believed to be due to an excessive postural hypotensive effect, although occasionally the syncopal episode has been preceded by about of severe supraventricular tachycardia with heart rates of 120-160 beats per minute.
Additionally, the possibility of the contribution of hemodilution to the symptoms of postural hypotension should be considered.
To decrease the likelihood of syncope or excessive hypotension, treatment should always be initiated with a 1 mg dose of terazosin, given at bedtime.
The 2 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg capsules are not indicated as initial therapy.
Dosage should then be increased slowly, according to recommendations in the Dosage and Administration section and additional antihypertensive agents should be added with caution.
The patient should be cautioned to avoid situations, such as driving or hazardous tasks, where injury could result should syncope occur during initiation of therapy.
In early investigational studies, where increasing single doses up to 7.5 mg were given at 3 day intervals, tolerance to the first dose phenomenon did not necessarily develop and the “first-dose” effect could be observed at all doses.
Syncopal episodes occurred in 3 of the 14 subjects given terazosin at doses of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg, which are higher than the recommended initial dose; in addition, severe orthostatic hypotension (blood pressure falling to 50/0 mmHg) was seen in two others and dizziness, tachycardia, and lightheadedness occurred in most subjects.
These adverse effects all occurred within 90 minutes of dosing.
In three placebo-controlled BPH studies 1, 2, and 3 (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ), the incidence of postural hypotension in the terazosin treated patients was 5.1%, 5.2%, and 3.7% respectively.
In multiple dose clinical trials involving nearly 2000 hypertensive patients treated with terazosin, syncope was reported in about 1% of patients.
Syncope was not necessarily associated only with the first dose.
If syncope occurs, the patient should be placed in a recumbent position and treated supportively as necessary.
There is evidence that the orthostatic effect of terazosin is greater, even in chronic use, shortly after dosing.
The risk of the events is greatest during the initial seven days of treatment, but continues at all time intervals.
Priapism Rarely, (probably less than once in every several thousand patients) terazosin and other α 1 -antagonists have been associated with priapism (painful penile erection, sustained for hours and unrelieved by sexual intercourse or masturbation).
Two or three dozen cases have been reported.
Because this condition can lead to permanent impotence if not promptly treated, patients must be advised about the seriousness of the condition (see PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients ).
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Drug Interactions In controlled trials, terazosin has been added to diuretics, and several beta-adrenergic blockers; no unexpected interactions were observed.
Terazosin has also been used in patients on a variety of concomitant therapies; while these were not formal interaction studies, no interactions were observed.
Terazosin has been used concomitantly in at least 50 patients on the following drugs or drug classes: 1) analgesic/anti-inflammatory (e.g., acetaminophen, aspirin, codeine, ibuprofen, indomethacin); 2) antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole); 3) anticholinergic/sympathomimetics (e.g., phenylephrine hydrochloride, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride); 4) antigout (e.g., allopurinol); 5) antihistamines (e.g., chlorpheniramine); 6) cardiovascular agents (e.g., atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide, methyclothiazide, propranolol); 7) corticosteroids; 8) gastrointestinal agents (e.g., antacids); 9) hypoglycemics; 10) sedatives and tranquilizers (e.g., diazepam).
OVERDOSAGE
Should overdosage of Terazosin Capsules lead to hypotension, support of the cardiovascular system is of first importance.
Restoration of blood pressure and normalization of heart rate may be accomplished by keeping the patient in the supine position.
If this measure is inadequate, shock should first be treated with volume expanders.
If necessary, vasopressors should then be used and renal function should be monitored and supported as needed.
Laboratory data indicate that terazosin is 90-94% protein bound; therefore, dialysis may not be of benefit.
DESCRIPTION
Terazosin hydrochloride, an alpha-1-selective adrenoceptor blocking agent, is a quinazoline derivative represented by the following chemical name and structural formula: (RS)-Piperazine, 1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)-4-[(tetra-hydro-2-furanyl)carbonyl]-, monohydrochloride, dihydrate.
Terazosin hydrochloride is a white, crystalline substance, freely soluble in water and isotonic saline and has a molecular weight of 459.93.
Terazosin Capsules, USP for oral ingestion are supplied in four dosage strengths containing terazosin hydrochloride equivalent to 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg of terazosin.
formula Inactive Ingredients The 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg capsules contain the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, starch, stearic acid and talc.
The 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg capsule imprinting ink contains ammonium hydroxide, black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol and shellac.
The 1 mg capsule shell contains black iron oxide, gelatin, titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide.
The 2 mg capsule shell contains D&C yellow #10, FD&C red #40, gelatin and titanium dioxide.
The 5 mg capsule shell contains D&C red #28, FD&C red #40, gelatin and titanium dioxide.
The 10 mg capsule shell contains D&C red #28, D&C yellow #10, FD&C blue #1, gelatin and titanium dioxide.
USP Dissolution Test 2
HOW SUPPLIED
Terazosin Capsules, USP are available for oral administration as 1 mg, 2 mg and 10 mg capsules.
Terazosin Capsules, USP 1 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with a beige opaque body and a beige opaque cap.
“APO 115” is imprinted on each capsule in black ink; supplied in bottles of 30 (NDC 33261-0211-30).
Terazosin Capsules, USP 2 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with a yellow opaque body and a yellow opaque cap.
“APO 116” is imprinted on each capsule in black ink; supplied in bottles of 30 (NDC 33261-0212-30).
Terazosin Capsules, USP 10 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with a blue opaque body and a blue opaque cap.
“APO 118” is imprinted on each capsule in black ink; supplied in bottles of 30 (NDC 33261-0870-30).
Recommended storage: Store at 20º to 25°C (68º to 77ºF); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Protect from light and moisture.
APOTEX INC.
TERAZOSIN CAPSULES, USP 1 MG, 2 MG AND 10 MG Repackaged By: Aidarex Pharmaceuticals, LLC.
Corona, CA 92880 Revised: June 2011 Revision 2
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Terazosin Capsules, USP are indicated for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
There is a rapid response, with approximately 70% of patients experiencing an increase in urinary flow and improvement in symptoms of BPH when treated with Terazosin Capsules, USP.
The long-term effects of Terazosin Capsules, USP on the incidence of surgery, acute urinary obstruction or other complications of BPH are yet to be determined.
Terazosin Capsules, USP are also indicated for the treatment of hypertension.
It can be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents such as diuretics or beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
PEDIATRIC USE
Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in children have not been determined.
PREGNANCY
Pregnancy Teratogenic effects: Pregnancy Category C.
Terazosin was not teratogenic in either rats or rabbits when administered at oral doses up to 280 and 60 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose.
Fetal resorptions occurred in rats dosed with 480 mg/kg/day, approximately 280 times the maximum recommended human dose.
Increased fetal resorptions, decreased fetal weight and an increased number of supernumerary ribs were observed in offspring of rabbits dosed with 60 times the maximum recommended human dose.
These findings (in both species) were most likely secondary to maternal toxicity.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women and the safety of terazosin in pregnancy has not been established.
Terazosin is not recommended during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the mother and fetus.
Nonteratogenic effects: In a peri- and post-natal development study in rats, significantly more pups died in the group dosed with 120 mg/kg/day (> 75 times the maximum recommended human dose) than in the control group during the three-week postpartum period.
NUSRING MOTHERS
Nursing Mothers It is not known whether terazosin is excreted in breast milk.
Because many drugs are excreted in breast milk, caution should be exercised when terazosin is administered to a nursing woman.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
If Terazosin Capsules administration is discontinued for several days, therapy should be reinstituted using the initial dosing regimen.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Initial Dose : 1 mg at bedtime is the starting dose for all patients, and this dose should not be exceeded as an initial dose.
Patients should be closely followed during initial administration in order to minimize the risk of severe hypotensive response.
Subsequent Doses: The dose should be increased in a stepwise fashion to 2 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg once daily to achieve the desired improvement of symptoms and/or flow rates.
Doses of 10 mg once daily are generally required for the clinical response.
Therefore, treatment with 10 mg for a minimum of 4-6 weeks may be required to assess whether a beneficial response has been achieved.
Some patients may not achieve a clinical response despite appropriate titration.
Although some additional patients responded at a 20 mg daily dose, there was an insufficient number of patients studied to draw definitive conclusions about this dose.
There are insufficient data to support the use of higher doses for those patients who show inadequate or no response to 20 mg daily.
If terazosin administration is discontinued for several days or longer, therapy should be reinstituted using the initial dosing regimen.
Use with Other Drugs: Caution should be observed when Terazosin Capsules are administered concomitantly with other antihypertensive agents, especially the calcium channel blocker verapamil, to avoid the possibility of developing significant hypotension.
When using Terazosin Capsules and other antihypertensive agents concomitantly, dosage reduction and retitration of either agent may be necessary (see Precautions).
Hypotension has been reported when Terazosin Capsules have been used with phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors.
Hypertension The dose of Terazosin Capsules and the dose interval (12 or 24 hours) should be adjusted according to the patient’s individual blood pressure response.
The following is a guide to its administration: Initial Dose: 1 mg at bedtime is the starting dose for all patients, and this dose should not be exceeded.
This initial dosing regimen should be strictly observed to minimize the potential for severe hypotensive effects.
Subsequent Doses: The dose may be slowly increased to achieve the desired blood pressure response.
The usual recommended dose range is 1 mg to 5 mg administered once a day; however, some patients may benefit from doses as high as 20 mg per day.
Doses over 20 mg do not appear to provide further blood pressure effect and doses over 40 mg have not been studied.
Blood pressure should be monitored at the end of the dosing interval to be sure control is maintained throughout the interval.
It may also be helpful to measure blood pressure 2-3 hours after dosing to see if the maximum and minimum responses are similar, and to evaluate symptoms such as dizziness or palpitations which can result from excessive hypotensive response.
If response is substantially diminished at 24 hours an increased dose or use of a twice daily regimen can be considered.
If terazosin administration is discontinued for several days or longer, therapy should be reinstituted using the initial dosing regimen.
In clinical trials, except for the initial dose, the dose was given in the morning.
Use With Other Drugs: (see above)