Nuplazid 17 MG Oral Tablet
DRUG INTERACTIONS
7 Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole): Reduce NUPLAZID dose by one-half. (2.2, 7.1) Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: Monitor for reduced efficacy. Increase in NUPLAZID dosage may be needed. (2.2, 7.1) 7.1 Drugs Having Clinically Important Interactions with NUPLAZID Table 2 Clinically Important Drug Interactions with NUPLAZID QT Interval Prolongation Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of drugs that prolong the QT interval may add to the QT effects of NUPLAZID and increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Intervention: Avoid the use of NUPLAZID in combination with other drugs known to prolong QT interval [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Examples: Class 1A antiarrhythmics: quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide; Class 3 antiarrhythmics: amiodarone, sotalol; Antipsychotics: ziprasidone, chlorpromazine, thioridazine; Antibiotics: gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of NUPLAZID with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increases pimavanserin exposure [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Intervention: If NUPLAZID is used with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, reduce the dosage of NUPLAZID [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Examples: itraconazole, ketoconazole, clarithromycin, indinavir Strong CYP3A4 Inducers Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of a strong CYP3A4 inducer may reduce pimavanserin exposure resulting in a potential decrease in efficacy. Intervention: Patients should be monitored for reduced efficacy and an increase in dosage may be needed if NUPLAZID is used concomitantly with strong CYP3A4 inducers [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Examples: rifampin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, St. John’s wort 7.2 Drugs Having No Clinically Important Interactions with NUPLAZID Based on pharmacokinetic studies, no dosage adjustment of carbidopa/levodopa is required when administered concomitantly with NUPLAZID [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
OVERDOSAGE
10 10.1 Human Experience The pre-marketing clinical trials involving NUPLAZID in approximately 1200 subjects and patients do not provide information regarding symptoms with overdose. In healthy subject studies, dose-limiting nausea and vomiting were observed. 10.2 Management of Overdose There are no known specific antidotes for NUPLAZID. In managing overdose, cardiovascular monitoring should commence immediately and should include continuous ECG monitoring to detect possible arrhythmias [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. If antiarrhythmic therapy is administered, disopyramide, procainamide, and quinidine should not be used, as they have the potential for QT-prolonging effects that might be additive to those of NUPLAZID [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Consider the long plasma half-life of pimavanserin (about 57 hours) and the possibility of multiple drug involvement. Consult a Certified Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) for up-to-date guidance and advice.
DESCRIPTION
11 NUPLAZID contains pimavanserin, an atypical antipsychotic, which is present as pimavanserin tartrate salt with the chemical name, urea, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-N-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-N’-[[4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl]methyl]-,(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1). Pimavanserin tartrate is freely soluble in water. Its molecular formula is (C25H34FN3O2)2∙C4H6O6 and its molecular weight is 1005.20 (tartrate salt). The chemical structure is: The molecular formula of pimavanserin free base is C25H34FN3O2 and its molecular weight is 427.55. NUPLAZID tablets are intended for oral administration only. Each round, white to off-white, immediate-release, film-coated tablet contains 20 mg of pimavanserin tartrate, which is equivalent to 17 mg of pimavanserin free base. Inactive ingredients include pregelatinized starch, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose. Additionally, the following inactive ingredients are present as components of the film coat: hypromellose, talc, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, and saccharin sodium. Chemical Structure
CLINICAL STUDIES
14 The efficacy of NUPLAZID 34 mg as a treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis was demonstrated in a 6-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. In this outpatient study, 199 patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to NUPLAZID 34 mg or placebo once daily. Study patients (male or female and aged 40 years or older) had a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) established at least 1 year prior to study entry and had psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and/or delusions) that started after the PD diagnosis and that were severe and frequent enough to warrant treatment with an antipsychotic. At entry, patients were required to have a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥21 and to be able to self-report symptoms. The majority of patients were on PD medications at entry; these medications were required to be stable for at least 30 days prior to study start and throughout the study period. The PD-adapted Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS-PD) was used to evaluate the efficacy of NUPLAZID 34 mg. SAPS-PD is a 9-item scale adapted for PD from the Hallucinations and Delusions domains of the SAPS. Each item is scored on a scale of 0-5, with 0 being none and 5 representing severe and frequent symptoms. Therefore, the SAPS-PD total score can range from 0 to 45 with higher scores reflecting greater severity of illness. A negative change in score indicates improvement. Primary efficacy was evaluated based on change from baseline to Week 6 in SAPS-PD total score. As shown in Table 3, Figure 2, and Figure 3, NUPLAZID 34 mg (n=95) was statistically significantly superior to placebo (n=90) in decreasing the frequency and/or severity of hallucinations and delusions in patients with PDP as measured by central, independent, and blinded raters using the SAPS-PD scale. An effect was seen on both the hallucinations and delusions components of the SAPS-PD. Table 3 Primary Efficacy Analysis Result Based on SAPS-PD (N=185) Endpoint Treatment Group Mean Baseline Score (SD) LS Mean Change from Baseline (SE) Placebo-subtracted DifferenceDifference (drug minus placebo) in least-squares mean change from baseline. (95% CI) SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; LS Mean: least-squares mean; CI: confidence interval. SAPS-PD NUPLAZID 15.9 (6.12) -5.79 (0.66) -3.06Statistically significantly superior to placebo. (-4.91, -1.20) Placebo 14.7 (5.55) -2.73 (0.67) — SAPS-PD HallucinationsSupportive analysis. NUPLAZID 11.1 (4.58) -3.81 (0.46) -2.01 (-3.29, -0.72) Placebo 10.0 (3.80) -1.80 (0.46) — SAPS-PD Delusions NUPLAZID 4.8 (3.59) -1.95 (0.32) -0.94 (-1.83, -0.04) Placebo 4.8 (3.82) -1.01 (0.32) — The effect of NUPLAZID on SAPS-PD improved through the six-week trial period, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 SAPS-PD Change from Baseline through 6 Weeks Total Study Treatment Figure 3 Proportion of Patients with SAPS-PD Score Improvement at the End of Week 6 (N=185) Complete response = SAPS-PD score reduced to zero from baseline value. Patients with missing values were counted as non-responders. Figure 2 Figure 3 Motor Function in Patients with Hallucinations and Delusions Associated with Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis NUPLAZID 34 mg did not show an effect compared to placebo on motor function, as measured using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Parts II and III (UPDRS Parts II+III) (Figure 4). A negative change in score indicates improvement. The UPDRS Parts II+III was used to assess the patient’s Parkinson’s disease state during the 6-week double-blind treatment period. The UPDRS score was calculated as the sum of the 40 items from activities of daily living and motor examination, with a range of 0 to 160. LSM: least-squares mean; SE: standard error. The error bars extend one SE below the LSM. Figure 4 Motor Function Change from Baseline to Week 6 in UPDRS Parts II+III (LSM – SE) Figure 4
HOW SUPPLIED
16 /STORAGE AND HANDLING NUPLAZID (pimavanserin) tablets are available as: 17 mg Tablet: White to off-white, round, coated tablet debossed with “P” on one side and “17” on the reverse. Bottle of 60: NDC 63090-170-60 Storage Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].
GERIATRIC USE
8.5 Geriatric Use No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients. Parkinson’s disease is a disorder occurring primarily in individuals over 55 years of age. The mean age of patients enrolled in the 6-week clinical studies with NUPLAZID [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] was 71 years, with 49% 65-75 years old and 31% >75 years old. In the pooled population of patients enrolled in 6-week, placebo-controlled studies (N=614), 27% had MMSE scores from 21 to 24 compared to 73% with scores ≥25. No clinically meaningful differences in safety or effectiveness were noted between these two groups.
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
3 NUPLAZID (pimavanserin) is available as 17 mg strength tablets. The white to off-white, round, coated tablets are debossed on one side with a “P” and “17” on the reverse side. Tablets: 17 mg. (3)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of pimavanserin in the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis is unknown. However, the effect of pimavanserin could be mediated through a combination of inverse agonist and antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and to a lesser extent at serotonin 5-HT2C receptors.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1 NUPLAZID™ is indicated for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis [see Clinical Studies (14)]. NUPLAZID is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis. (1)
PEDIATRIC USE
8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness of NUPLAZID have not been established in pediatric patients.
PREGNANCY
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no data on NUPLAZID use in pregnant women that would allow assessment of the drug-associated risk of major congenital malformations or miscarriage. In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were seen when pimavanserin was administered orally to rats or rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 10- or 12-times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 34 mg/day, respectively. Administration of pimavanserin to pregnant rats during pregnancy and lactation resulted in maternal toxicity and lower pup survival and body weight at doses which are 2-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day [see Data]. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Pimavanserin was not teratogenic in pregnant rats when administered during the period of organogenesis at oral doses of 0.9, 8.5, and 51 mg/kg/day, which are 0.2- and 10-times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 34 mg/day based on AUC at mid and high doses, respectively. Maternal toxicity included reduction in body weight and food consumption at the highest dose. Administration of pimavanserin to pregnant rats during pregnancy and lactation at oral doses of 8.5, 26, and 51 mg/kg/day, which are 0.14- to 14-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day based on AUC, caused maternal toxicity, including mortality, clinical signs including dehydration, hunched posture, and rales, and decreases in body weight, and/or food consumption at doses ≥26 mg/kg/day (2-times the MRHD based on AUC). At these maternally toxic doses there was a decrease in pup survival, reduced litter size, and reduced pup weights, and food consumption. Pimavanserin had no effect on sexual maturation, neurobehavioral function including learning and memory, or reproductive function in the first generation pups up to 14-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day based on AUC. Pimavanserin was not teratogenic in pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis at oral doses of 4.3, 43, and 85 mg/kg/day, which are 0.2- to 12-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day based on AUC. Maternal toxicity, including mortality, clinical signs of dyspnea and rales, decreases in body weight and/or food consumption, and abortions occurred at doses 12-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day based on AUC.
BOXED WARNING
WARNING: INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. NUPLAZID is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis unrelated to the hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. WARNING: INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. NUPLAZID is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis unrelated to the hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis. (5.1)
WARNING AND CAUTIONS
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS QT Interval Prolongation: Increases in QT interval; avoid use with drugs that also increase the QT interval and in patients with risk factors for prolonged QT interval. (5.2) 5.1 Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis Antipsychotic drugs increase the all-cause risk of death in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis. Analyses of 17 dementia-related psychosis placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks and largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs) revealed a risk of death in the drug-treated patients of between 1.6- to 1.7-times that in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in placebo-treated patients. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. NUPLAZID is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis unrelated to the hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis [see Boxed Warning]. 5.2 QT Interval Prolongation NUPLAZID prolongs the QT interval. The use of NUPLAZID should be avoided in patients with known QT prolongation or in combination with other drugs known to prolong QT interval including Class 1A antiarrhythmics (e.g., quinidine, procainamide) or Class 3 antiarrhythmics (e.g., amiodarone, sotalol), certain antipsychotic medications (e.g., ziprasidone, chlorpromazine, thioridazine), and certain antibiotics (e.g., gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin) [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. NUPLAZID should also be avoided in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, as well as other circumstances that may increase the risk of the occurrence of torsade de pointes and/or sudden death, including symptomatic bradycardia, hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, and the presence of congenital prolongation of the QT interval [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Concomitant Medication Advise patients to inform their healthcare providers if there are any changes to their current prescription or over-the-counter medications, since there is a potential for drug interactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Drug Interactions (7)].
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2 Recommended dose is 34 mg, taken orally as two 17 mg tablets once daily, without titration. (2) Can be taken with or without food. (2) 2.1 General Dosing Information The recommended dose of NUPLAZID is 34 mg, taken orally as two 17 mg strength tablets once daily, without titration. NUPLAZID can be taken with or without food. 2.2 Dosage Modifications for Concomitant Use with CYP3A4 Inhibitors and Inducers Coadministration with Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors The recommended dose of NUPLAZID when coadministered with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) is 17 mg, taken orally as one tablet once daily [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Coadministration with Strong CYP3A4 Inducers Monitor patients for reduced efficacy if NUPLAZID is used concomitantly with strong CYP3A4 inducers; an increase in NUPLAZID dosage may be needed [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].